Criminal Law
Ali Rahmati; Hossein M. M. Sadeghi
Abstract
According to reports from international institutions and organizations, including Human Rights Watch, High Commissioner for Human Rights and Amnesty International, Myanmar Muslims, and in particular the ethnic and religious minority of Rohingya Muslims, have been pursuing discriminatory policies and ...
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According to reports from international institutions and organizations, including Human Rights Watch, High Commissioner for Human Rights and Amnesty International, Myanmar Muslims, and in particular the ethnic and religious minority of Rohingya Muslims, have been pursuing discriminatory policies and the criminal acts of the Myanmar government and its Buddhist residents since decades. Meanwhile, the recent human tragedy and the terrible crimes committed against the Rohingya Muslims, which have been accompanied by the government of Myanmar and the military regime of the country, have more and more been faced with the response of the international community. Given the correspondence of these crimes with actus reus and mens rea of the crime of genocide and crimes against humanity, prosecution of those perpetrators at both national and international levels is debatable. At the national level, the Myanmar Courts, based on two principles of territorial jurisdiction and nationality jurisdiction and third countries courts based on the universality principle (Subject to the identification of such a principle in their internal laws) may interfere. More importantly, the mechanisms available at the international level include the referral of the status to the International Criminal Court or the formation of the Particular International Criminal Court by the United Nations Security Council. In addition, there is also an intermediary mechanism, which is a hybrid or internationalized court that can be formed on the basis of an agreement between the Government of Myanmar and the Security Council. In this paper, the pros and cons of each of these courts is reviewed in order to handling of recent crimes committed in Myanmar.
Hossein Mirmohammad Sadeghi; Afshin Azarimatin
Abstract
Paper signing is the key to authentication in traditional banking; this traditional form of signature has changed in new banking (e-banking and virtual banking) and become a simple and secure electronic signature. All services provided in modern banking require the issuance of electronic signatures from ...
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Paper signing is the key to authentication in traditional banking; this traditional form of signature has changed in new banking (e-banking and virtual banking) and become a simple and secure electronic signature. All services provided in modern banking require the issuance of electronic signatures from users, the context and structure of the new signatures is such that it distinguishes the types of crimes from traditional signature. Therefore, this article intends to adapt the technical structure of electronic signature with the definitions given in the e-commerce law via field and library studies, So based on this description, compare the con-computer forging and unauthorized access in traditional and modern banking, obviously, this review can be a prelude to the undeclared technical areas of e-banking identified and in this way consider the appropriate conditional and technical preventive measures in the modern banking.
